Comprehensive Iguana Care Guide

Diet

• Leafy Greens: The bulk of an iguana's diet should be leafy greens such as collard greens, dandelion greens, mustard greens, and turnip greens. These provide essential vitamins and minerals.
• Fruits: Fruits like mango, papaya, and berries can be offered occasionally as treats. However, fruits should not make up more than 10% of the diet as they are high in sugar.
• Vegetables: Other vegetables like bell peppers, zucchini, and carrots can also be included but in lesser amounts compared to leafy greens.
• Calcium and Vitamin D3: Iguanas often require additional calcium and vitamin D3 supplements to prevent metabolic bone disease. These can be sprinkled on their food or provided through specialized UVB lighting.
• Protein: While iguanas are primarily herbivores, some experts recommend a small amount of animal-based protein, especially for younger iguanas. However, this is a topic of debate and excessive animal protein can lead to kidney issues.
• Water: Fresh, clean water should always be available for both drinking and bathing. Some iguanas prefer moving water, so a drip system or a small fountain can be beneficial.
• Phosphorus-Free: Foods high in phosphorus, such as spinach and lettuce, should be avoided as they can interfere with calcium absorption.
• Food Size: The size of the food pieces should be appropriate for the size of the iguana. Smaller iguanas may require finely chopped food, while larger iguanas can handle bigger pieces.

Humidity

Humidity is a critical factor in an iguana's environment. A humidity level of 65-75% is ideal. Use a reliable hygrometer to monitor levels. Daily misting, live plants, and a water basin can help maintain humidity. Inadequate humidity can lead to shedding issues and respiratory problems.

Lighting

Proper lighting is essential for iguanas. They require 10-12 hours of UVB lighting daily to synthesize vitamin D3, which is crucial for calcium absorption. Always use high-quality UVB bulbs and replace them every 6-12 months to ensure they are effective.

Temperature

Temperature regulation is vital for iguanas. A gradient ranging from 75°F in the cooler end to 95°F in the basking area should be maintained. Nighttime temperatures should not drop below 70°F. Use a high-quality thermometer to monitor temperatures regularly.

Common Diseases

• Metabolic Bone Disease: A result of insufficient UVB lighting or calcium intake, leading to weak bones and deformities.
• Respiratory Infections: Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and nasal discharge. Often caused by improper humidity or temperature levels.
• Parasitic Infections: Internal parasites can lead to weight loss and lethargy. Regular fecal checks are recommended.
• Skin Infections: Inadequate humidity or unclean living conditions can lead to bacterial or fungal skin infections.
• Stomatitis (Mouth Rot): A bacterial infection in the mouth, often due to poor hygiene or trauma.

Additional Tips

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for monitoring your iguana's health. Always keep the enclosure clean to minimize the risk of infections. Socialization and handling should be done carefully to reduce stress for the animal.